THE IMPACT OF RADIO PROGRAMME IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The Federal Radio corporation of Nigeria Enugu National station (Radio I the station for the mature mind) Enugu, like many other electronic media establishments in Nigeria, has been carrying out its communication functions of informing, educating entertaining, persuading and public enlightenments and advertisements and other social programmes. Using the social scientific methods of questionnaire survey and depth interview methods in the project work, the work is handled in five chapters. Chapter one introduced the electronic. Media and guide on the handling of the topic and significance rationale of the study. The chapter two continued with reviewing literature which e-rayed the summary of the related literature reviewed. Chapter three explained the research methodology used to study the topic. T he research methods in charge of the questionnaire and survey method and interview while in chapter four data presentation and results. Summary of results/ findings are made relevant to research questions. Chapter five finally handled the discussion, implications, recommendations, discussion of results and conclusions. Finally, it was found out that Radio Nigeria Enugu, Radio I not only have an impact in the economic development of Nigeria as electronic development of Nigeria as electronic media but went a step further to train other professionals
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Electronic media which is the focus of this study comprises the radio and Television. The sophistication of these media of communication makes it one of the wonders of modern communication. According to Bitter, “Just as the twentieth century dawned, a system was perfected which Electromagnetic impulse could be sent through the air without wires carrying voice transmissions over long distances. This new invention was to be known as radio I Electronic media is a machinery or an institution for simultaneous transmission of information to a wide and divergent audience. Although the Electronic media are channels through which information is transmitted to the audience through different media. Yet they represent the attempt of man to relate to and interact with other men. It is clear to note that communication has been enhanced nationally and internationally with the use of technology.
Mr. E.N. Aniebona, in his contribution in the role of broadcasting in a developing context has this to say about Electronic media. “Electronic media is a powerful and effective instrument for achieving national goals such as in need for wide spread education for both children and adults in order to acieve certain prescribed goals in Economic growth, health are political and social awareness, political stabilkity self relief and national identity among others things” Electronic aim at presenting programmes like news, drama, interviews, health and family planning, religious programmes and agricultural programmes. In his assessment of media Charlse Ogbunambala, of Torch, have this to say of Electronic media. “Nevertheless, however stupendous this epoch-making achievements on the print media may seem, effective media communications, cannot be fully achieved or relaised wihotu the Electronic media. This reason is obvious. The message from electronic media registered more permanently than from the print media”
The Electronic media include the radio, the television and the cinema out focus is on the radio. Radio is the first source to which people furned for the latest develops in the war or crisis time. We look on radio during announcement of annual budget by the head of state or state governor. According to Guglielmc Marconic, “Radio is a potential means of supplementing telegraph, the most import long-distance communication, medium of the late nineteenth century”, Radio was the most popular entertainment and news medium. To a degree, the radio receiver was the center of the home and family activities frequently revolved ground the broadcast schedule. The average station schedule had something for everyone from news and commentary through variety and comedy to religious discussion, sports and children’s programme.
Radio Nigeria Enugu, (FRCN) involve itself with those role of educating, informing, entertaining, persuading and advertising. Radio Nigeria Enugu operate on both Amplitude modulation (AM) frequency modulation (FM) and short wave. The station strive hard in various ways to assert themselves ; some concentrate on music while others run discussion on special political, economic, education, social cultural and religious issues. Radio Nigeira goes for the audience which has the purchasing power. Radio nigeira in its role in economic development undertake advertisement, sponsored programmes, public service announcement to enhance its financial base and educational programmes are diverse in its role to promote products and enhance the training of professionals and thereby contribute effectively in the economic development of Nigeria.
1.2 STATEMET OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS
As stated earlier, the roles of the electronic media especially radio is enormous and cannot be justly denied without difficulty. It has also been indicated that radio help in economic development due to listening audience, the literacy level not withstanding. But of all these roles contributions to the economic development of Nigeria, there are still case of poor funding and poor management of the electronic media especially radio to effectively carry out these roles of economic development. Radio Nigeria as an agent of News, information, education, entertainment and advertising organ of electronic media has been affected due to poor funding, obsolete equipment and poor management. This study is therefore aimed at disproving or validating these allegations among other research questions.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to carry out this study, I am going to use the following assumptions as a guide post to the research:
1. Radio Nigeria play its role in economic development of Nigeria, through its advertisement programme.
2. Radio Nigeria help in the economic development of Nigeria through some of its education programmes
3. Radio Nigeria help in economic development of Nigeria through its variety of entertainment programmes like Mislo slammeer show early morning and phone in programme, Oge Ndi Olu Ubi, Uwa Di Ogbu, Dialectical programme like Nsukka Alua, Ekene Ndi Ahia and other social, agricultural health and political programmes.
4. Radio Nigeria Enugu have contributed in the economic development of Nigeria, by training some broadcasters at their training school Shogule Lagos and promotion of musicians and such allied professionals.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Radio as a medium of information has been recognized as the most useful and the media that its message cut across barrier of literacy. In her assessment about radio, Stella Okuna, has this to say, ‘radio is the true mass medium in third world countries because it really reaches the masses. In Nigeria, for example, the use of radio as a source of information is truly widespread even among rural dwellers who make up the majority of the country’s population Radio as an electronic media have been known in recent decades as key mode of mass communication, an audio dimension or channel which is capable of providing, a great deal of details, description that are not communicable through written and visual communication. The roles of the radio in education which help to foster national unity and understanding cannot be waved without contradiction. It would also be pertinent to point out that this study was undertaken to explore this areas so as to contribute to the whole gamut of stream of knowledge.
HYPOTHESES
HO: Electronic media- radio in the economic development reduces the social service role of F RC N
HI: Electronic media-radio does not reduce the social service role of FRCN
H2: The social service role of the FRCN affect democratization of the nation
H3: The social service role of the FRCN does not affect the credibility of FRCN
H4: Electronic media-radio ins the economic development leads to friction between sponsors and presenters
HO: Electronic media-radio in the economic development does not lead to sponsors and presenters.
H5: It regates the fundamental functions of informing, educating and entertaining
HO: It does not negates the fundamental functions of informing educating and entertaining.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
RADIO PROGRAMME IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPTUAL: Programme aired to educate, inform and entertain
OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME: such as Munuta ka and Nde wonu Ndi olu Ubi etc. presented for in the mass media, so that it will be aired.
MASS MEDIA: CONCEPTUAL: The channels of mass communication
OPERATIONAL: Radio, Television and anema
1.7 ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY
1. Mass media audience are deceived to believe that programme with their which the public values in informing, educating and entertaining the audience.
2. That access to the media is limited due to payment of money to guarantee the use of certain stories in the station
3. That the credibility of the station is threatened by the development
4. That it negates the functions of informing, educating and entertaining the audience.
1.8 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The extent of the study will cover the FRCN Enugu, but the “results” collected will be generized. The study would have been extended to all the FRCN zonal stations but due to in adequacy of financial resources to travel and risks involved in traveling the research has decided to limit FRCN Enugu national station where the researcher is a staff where the researcher is a staff. Though the research was specifically required to examine the impacts of electronic media radio in economic development the researcher want the history of the FRCN and reasons given for electronic media-radio in economic development in FRCN Enugu. There are little or no study made on the electronic media –radio in economic development in Nigeria. So this was a predicament in the study. Therefore the researcher could not gather a lot of literature on electronic media – radio in economic development . Owing to the following limitations outlined the research cannot claim total confidence on the study. Not
1.9 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
It has become inevitable to worry about the effects of mass communication with the development of the powerful organs of mass communication. The impact which the electronic media –radio has enjoyed was quite tremendous and deserves a scholarly attention. One of the effects theories could be appropriate to lay a solid base or frame work for the study but the researcher has decided to linger the study on the uses of gratifications approach described first and proposed in an article by Elibu Katz (1959). This is because the effects of mass media depends mainly on exposure, use and gratification, derived from “what the head does about” applies to the effects of mass communication . This must be why political co columnist walter lipman writing in his classic public opinion, (1922) points out that most of what we know of the environment comes to us indirectly, but whatever we believe to be a true picture, we treat as if it were the environment itself. According to the findings of Katz.
