ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF MIDWIVES TOWARDS OBSTETRIC DANGER SIGNS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC IN ADEOYO MATERNITY HOSPITAL

Abstract

The study investigated midwives' knowledge and attitudes towards obstetric danger signs at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital using a quantitative survey research design. A structured questionnaire was administered to 120 respondents to gather data on midwives' awareness, attitudes, and factors influencing their perceptions. Hypotheses were tested using t-tests to analyze the relationship between midwives' knowledge, attitudes, and the quality of maternal healthcare provided. The findings revealed a significant association between midwives' knowledge of obstetric danger signs and the quality of antenatal care, as evidenced by t-test results (t = 15.556, df = 4, p < 0.001). Similarly, midwives' attitudes towards obstetric danger signs significantly impacted maternal and neonatal outcomes (t = 22.009, df = 4, p < 0.001). Potential factors influencing midwives' knowledge and attitudes were also identified (t = 19.685, df = 4, p < 0.001).In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role of midwives' knowledge and attitudes in ensuring optimal maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions aimed at enhancing midwives' awareness and fostering positive attitudes towards obstetric danger signs. Recommendations include implementing regular training sessions and supportive supervision to strengthen midwives' competencies and providing resources for continuous professional development. Additionally, efforts should be made to address the identified factors influencing midwives' perceptions, such as workload and institutional support. By addressing these challenges, healthcare facilities can improve the quality of maternal healthcare services and ultimately contribute to reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Obstetric danger signs play a pivotal role in identifying potential complicIations that can arise during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period (Bililign & Mulatu, 2017). These signs serve as early warning indicators, prompting timely intervention to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Midwives, as primary healthcare providers specializing in maternal care, are at the forefront of recognizing and addressing these danger signs (Hailu & Berhe, 2022). Their ability to promptly identify and respond to obstetric danger signs is crucial in ensuring the well-being of pregnant women and their babies.

Midwives are entrusted with providing antenatal care to pregnant women, during which they have the opportunity to assess and monitor for obstetric danger signs (Okour, Alkhateeb, & Amarin, 2022). Their role extends beyond routine check-ups to vigilant observation for any signs or symptoms that may indicate potential complications. With adequate knowledge and training, midwives can effectively identify and interpret these danger signs, enabling them to initiate appropriate interventions (Amenu et al., 2022). Moreover, midwives' continuous presence throughout the antenatal period allows for ongoing education and support for pregnant women, empowering them to recognize and report any concerning symptoms (Pembe et al., 2019).

Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude towards obstetric danger signs are paramount for midwives to fulfill their role effectively (Hailu et al., 2020). Understanding the significance of these signs enables midwives to prioritize maternal and neonatal health and take proactive measures to mitigate risks (Doctor et al., 2021). Additionally, a positive attitude fosters empathy and responsiveness towards pregnant women, facilitating open communication and trust (Sangal et al., 2022). Midwives' confidence in their ability to manage obstetric emergencies is directly influenced by their knowledge and attitude towards danger signs (Hoque & Hoque, 2021).

Despite the crucial role of midwives in recognizing and responding to obstetric danger signs, challenges persist in assessing their level of knowledge and attitude (Mahalingam & Venkateasan, 2022). Limited research and resources dedicated to evaluating midwives' competency in this area hinder efforts to ensure effective maternal healthcare delivery (Abdurashid et al., 2018). Without comprehensive assessment mechanisms in place, gaps in knowledge and negative attitudes towards obstetric danger signs may go unnoticed, potentially compromising maternal and neonatal outcomes (Sahithi & Cuddapah, 2017).

To address these challenges, it is essential to implement robust assessment strategies that accurately measure midwives' knowledge and attitude towards obstetric danger signs (Teng et al., 2015). This may involve developing standardized assessments tailored to the specific context and needs of midwives in different healthcare settings (UNICEF, 2020). Additionally, continuous education and training programs can equip midwives with updated knowledge and skills to enhance their ability to recognize and respond to obstetric danger signs (Maseresha et al., 2022). By prioritizing the assessment of midwives' knowledge and attitude, healthcare systems can strengthen maternal healthcare delivery and improve outcomes for pregnant women and their babies.

1.2 Statement of Problem

Despite the critical role of midwives in recognizing and responding to obstetric danger signs, there is a significant gap in the existing literature regarding the comprehensive assessment of their knowledge and attitude in this domain (Bililign & Mulatu, 2017). Research has been primarily focused on specific geographic regions or populations, resulting in limited generalizability of findings (Hailu & Berhe, 2022). Moreover, the methodologies used to assess midwives' knowledge and attitude towards obstetric danger signs vary widely, making it challenging to compare results across studies (Okour, Alkhateeb, & Amarin, 2022).

Furthermore, while some studies have examined midwives' knowledge of danger signs, few have explored their attitudes towards these indicators (Amenu et al., 2022). Understanding midwives' attitudes is crucial as it influences their behavior and approach to providing care to pregnant women. This gap in research leaves a significant knowledge deficit regarding midwives' preparedness to recognize and respond to obstetric danger signs effectively (Pembe et al., 2019). Additionally, the lack of standardized assessment tools and comprehensive studies limits the ability to identify areas for targeted interventions aimed at improving midwives' competency in this critical aspect of maternal healthcare (Sangal et al., 2022). Therefore, addressing these gaps through further research is imperative to enhance the quality of maternal healthcare delivery and improve outcomes for pregnant women and their babies.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To assess the level of knowledge of midwives regarding obstetric danger signs among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital.

2. To evaluate the attitude of midwives towards obstetric danger signs among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital.

3. To identify potential factors influencing midwives' knowledge and attitude towards obstetric danger signs in the context of Adeoyo Maternity Hospital.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the extent of midwives' knowledge regarding obstetric danger signs among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital?

2. What are the attitudes of midwives towards obstetric danger signs among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital?

3. What factors influence midwives' knowledge and attitude towards obstetric danger signs in the context of Adeoyo Maternity Hospital?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

1. There is no significant relationship between midwives' knowledge of obstetric danger signs and the quality of antenatal care provided at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital.

2. Midwives' attitudes towards obstetric danger signs do not significantly impact maternal and neonatal outcomes at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The anticipated outcomes of this study hold promise in enriching the existing body of knowledge concerning midwives' awareness and attitudes towards obstetric danger signs, particularly within the specific context of Adeoyo Maternity Hospital. By delving into this area, the findings are poised to offer valuable insights that can inform policymakers, healthcare administrators, and relevant stakeholders about potential areas for enhancement in maternal healthcare services. Through a deeper understanding of midwives' perspectives, attitudes, and knowledge gaps, this study can serve as a pivotal resource in guiding strategic decision-making processes aimed at optimizing maternal healthcare delivery.

One significant contribution of this study lies in its potential to shed light on the current landscape of midwives' awareness and attitudes towards obstetric danger signs within Adeoyo Maternity Hospital. By elucidating the existing knowledge base and attitudes prevalent among midwives, the study seeks to unveil both strengths and areas for improvement within the healthcare system. This nuanced understanding is indispensable for devising targeted interventions that address specific challenges and capitalize on existing strengths.

Moreover, the insights gleaned from this study can catalyze efforts to bridge gaps in midwives' knowledge and foster positive attitudes towards obstetric danger signs. By identifying areas where midwives may require additional training, support, or resources, policymakers and healthcare administrators can formulate tailored strategies to bolster midwives' competencies in this critical aspect of maternal healthcare. This proactive approach not only empowers midwives with the necessary skills and knowledge but also cultivates a culture of continuous learning and improvement within the healthcare setting.

Furthermore, the findings of this study hold the potential to trigger broader systemic changes aimed at enhancing maternal and neonatal health outcomes. By pinpointing specific areas within the healthcare system that require attention, policymakers can advocate for targeted investments, policy reforms, or infrastructure enhancements that facilitate improved maternal healthcare delivery. This holistic approach ensures that the benefits of the study extend beyond the immediate scope of midwives' awareness and attitudes towards obstetric danger signs, ultimately contributing to broader improvements in maternal and neonatal health.

Additionally, the study's findings may serve as a catalyst for fostering collaboration and dialogue among key stakeholders involved in maternal healthcare delivery. By creating a shared understanding of the challenges and opportunities inherent in addressing obstetric danger signs, the study promotes synergy and collective action towards common goals. Through collaborative efforts, stakeholders can leverage their respective expertise, resources, and networks to implement sustainable interventions that drive meaningful change and improve outcomes for pregnant women and their babies.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study will focus on assessing the level of knowledge and attitude of midwives towards obstetric danger signs among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital. The research will involve midwives working within the hospital's antenatal care unit. Data collection will be limited to a specific period to ensure the study's feasibility and manageability.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Midwives: Healthcare professionals trained to provide care and support to pregnant women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

Obstetric Danger Signs: Indicators or symptoms during pregnancy, labor, or postpartum period that signal potential complications requiring immediate medical attention.

Antenatal Clinic: A healthcare facility or department specializing in providing medical care and support to pregnant women before childbirth.

Knowledge: The understanding and awareness possessed by midwives regarding obstetric danger signs, including their identification, significance, and appropriate management.

Attitude: Midwives' disposition, feelings, and opinions towards obstetric danger signs, influencing their behavior and approach to providing care to pregnant women.

Maternal Health Outcomes: The health status and experiences of pregnant women and mothers, including maternal morbidity and mortality rates.

Neonatal Health Outcomes: The health status and experiences of newborn infants, including neonatal morbidity and mortality rates.